| Consonants |
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| IPA | Examples |
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| b | buy, cab | | d | dye, cad, do | | ð | thy, breathe, father | | dʒ | giant, badge, jam | | f | fan, caff, phi | | ɡ (ɡ)[1] | guy, bag | | h | high, ahead | | j[2] | yes, hallelujah | | k | sky, crack | | l | lie, sly, gal | | m | my, smile, cam | | n | nigh, snide, can | | ŋ | sang, sink, singer | | θ | thigh, math | | p | pie, spy, cap | | r | rye, try, very[3] | | s | sigh, mass | | ʃ | shy, cash, emotion | | t | tie, sty, cat, atom | | tʃ | china, catch | | v | vie, have | | w | wye, swine | | hw | why[4] | | z | zoo, has | | ʒ | equation, pleasure, vision, beige[5] | | Marginal consonants |
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| x | ugh, loch, Chanukah[6] | | ʔ | uh-oh /ˈʔʌʔoʊ/ |
| | Vowels |
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| IPA | Full vowels | ... followed by R[7] |
|---|
| ɑː | PALM, father, bra | ɑr | START, bard, barn, snarl, star (also /ɑːr./) | | ɒ | LOT, pod, John[8] | ɒr | moral, forage | | æ | TRAP, pad, shall, ban [9] | ær | barrow, marry[10] | | aɪ | PRICE, ride, file, fine, pie[11] | aɪər | Ireland, hire (/aɪr./) | | aɪ.ər | higher, buyer[12] | | aʊ | MOUTH, loud, foul, down, how | aʊər | flour (/aʊr./) | | aʊ.ər | flower[12] | | ɛ | DRESS, bed, fell, men[13] | ɛr | error, merry[13] | | eɪ | FACE, made, fail, vein, pay | ɛər | SQUARE, mare, scarce, cairn, Mary (/eɪr./)[14] | | eɪ.ər | mayor[12] | | ɪ | KIT, lid, fill, bin | ɪr | mirror, Sirius | | iː | FLEECE, seed, feel, mean, sea | ɪər | NEAR, beard, fierce, serious (/iːr./)[15] | | iː.ər | freer | | ɔː | THOUGHT, Maud, dawn, fall, straw[16] | ɔr | NORTH, born, war, Laura (/ɔːr./)[17][18] | | ɔː.ər | sawer | | ɔɪ | CHOICE, void, foil, coin, boy | ɔɪər | loir (/ɔɪr./) | | ɔɪ.ər | lawyer[12] | | oʊ | GOAT, code, foal, bone, go[19] | ɔər | FORCE, more, boar, oral (/oʊr./)[17][18] | | oʊ.ər | mower | | ʊ | FOOT, good, full, woman | ʊr | courier | | uː | GOOSE, food, fool, soon, chew, do | ʊər | boor, moor, tourist (/uːr./)[17][18] | | uː.ər | truer | | juː | cued, cute, mule, tune, queue, you[20] | jʊər | cure | | juː.ər | fewer | | ʌ | STRUT, mud, dull, gun[21] | ʌr | borough, hurry | | ɜr | NURSE, word, girl, fern, furry | | Reduced vowels |
|---|
| ə | Rosa’s, a mission, quiet, focus | ər | LETTER, perceive | | ɨ | roses, emission[22] (either ɪ or ə) | ən | button | | ɵ | omission[23] (either oʊ or ə) | əm | rhythm | | ʉ | beautiful, curriculum ([jʉ])[24] (either ʊ or ə) | əl | bottle | | i | HAPPY, serious[25] (either ɪ or iː) | ᵊ, ⁱ | (vowel is frequently dropped: nasturtium) | | | | Stress | Syllabification |
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| IPA | Examples | IPA | Examples |
|---|
| ˈ | intonation /ˌɪntɵˈneɪʃən/,[26] battleship /ˈbætəlʃɪp/[27] | . | moai /ˈmoʊ.aɪ/, Windhoek /ˈvɪnt.hʊk/ Vancouveria /væn.kuːˈvɪəriə/ Mikey /ˈmaɪki/, Myki /ˈmaɪ.kiː/[28] | | ˌ |
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